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citrus tristeza virus
Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is a viral species of the ''Closterovirus'' genus that causes the most economically damaging disease to its namesake plant genus, ''Citrus''. The disease has led to the death of millions of ''Citrus'' trees all over the world and has rendered other millions useless for production. Farmers in Brazil and other South American countries gave it the name "tristeza", meaning sadness in Portuguese and Spanish, referring to the devastation produced by the disease in the 1930s. The virus is transmitted most efficiently by the brown citrus aphid.
==The pathogen==
CTV is a flexuous rod virus with dimensions of 2000 nm long and 12 nm in diameter.〔Bar-Joseph M, Che X, Mawassi M, Gowda S, Satyanarayana T, Ayllón M, Albiach-Martí M, Garnsey SM, Dawson WO. The Continuous Challenge of Citrus tristeza virus Molecular Research. Fifteenth IOCV Conference, 2002- Citrus Tristeza Virus.〕 The CTV genome is typically between 19.2 and 19.3 kb long and consists of a single strand of (+)-sense RNA enclosed by two types of capsid proteins.〔Xiong, Z. "Pathogenomics of Citrus Tristeza Virus." Ag.arizona.edu. University of Arizona. Web. .〕 The size of its genome makes CTV one of the largest RNA viruses known. The CTV genome contains 12 open reading frames, which could encode at least 17 proteins.〔United Kingdom. Food and Environment Research Agency. Protocol for the Diagnosis and Quarantine Organism Citrus Tristeza Virus. By Mariano Cambra, Antonio Olmos, and Maria T. Gorris. Food and Environment Research Agency. Web. .〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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